Machining

Compute cutting speed v from diameter and spindle RPM (formula ①), spindle RPM from cutting speed and diameter (formula ②), or cutting speed for linear reciprocating motion such as shapers and planers (formula ③).

Compute the thread pitch diameter d₂ from a micrometer reading M over three precision wires (formula ①), with a simplified formula for standard 60° metric threads (formula ②), and determine the optimal wire diameter d for any thread pitch and angle (formula ③).

Compute the recommended teeth span n (formula ①), standard base tangent length E_n0 (formula ②), and backlash-adjusted length E_n with required cut-in depth Δt (formulas ③ and ⑤) for standard spur gears at any pressure angle.

Compute the drawing ratio m = d/D to check process feasibility, and calculate the punch force F = πC₁dtσₛ required for the first draw. Includes a C₁ coefficient table and multi-draw reference data for common sheet materials.

Compute the blanking force F = Aτf required to cut a part from sheet metal (formula ①), and the compressive stress σc = F/Ap acting on the punch face (formula ②). Includes material reference table for shear strength and die clearance.